A Text-book of Military Hygiene and Sanitation by Frank R. Keefer

Author:Frank R. Keefer
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: W. B. Sanders
Published: 1914-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

Fig. 23.—Ventilation system.

without producing drafts is to raise the lower window sash a few inches and fill the opening with a board. Air then enters between the sashes and is directed upward toward the ceiling, where it spreads out and is warmed some-

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SANITATION OF POSTS, BARRACKS, TRANSPORTS 165

Fig. 24.—Ventilation system for temporary buildings by means of fresh-air ducts beneath floors, opening under stoves.

what before coming in contact with the occupants of the room. In temporary structures the best system is to bring the air in by ducts beneath the floor; these discharge through

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a grating directly under the stoves by which (presumably) the building is heated (Fig. 24). The fresh air is thus drawn ' in and warmed. Vent outlets are provided in the ceiling and through these the stovepipes pass. If the rooms are heated by open fires, natural ventilation will be adequate, In any case, perflation should be practised daily by opening the windows for a time.

Floor and Air Space.—In connection with the subject of ventilation, the consideration of floor and cubic space per occupant is vital. Experience has demonstrated that not less than 60 square feet of floor space and 600 cubic feet of air space per man in squad rooms is essential to preserve the health of troops. But these figures are really lower than is consonant with safety; medical authorities are of the opinion that the minimum in floor space should be 70 square feet, and in air space, 800 cubic feet. This assumes the usual ceiling height of 12 feet. The capacity of each squad room should be estimated on the basis of the latter figures, the number proper to each painted on the door thereof, and such number never exceeded. If a temporary increase occurs in a company, it is better to utilize the halls of barracks for additional cots rather than to diminish floor and air space in squad rooms.

Heating of buildings is accomplished by one of three systems, namely, direct, indirect, and direct-indirect. The first named is where the source of heat is in the room itself and not directly connected with ventilation. Under this head are stoves, grates,- and steam or hot-water radiators without air inlets. "Indirect" is the term applied to methods

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SANITATION OF POSTS, BARRACKS, TRANSPORTS 167

in which the air is heated before entering the room, this air being used both for heating and ventilation. Of such are hot-air furnaces, and steam-coils over which air is passed. The third system comprises measures where the source of heat is in the room and the air supply is brought in contact with it there. Hot-water and steam radiators connected with air inlets, or stoves with air ducts opening beneath them, are examples of this class. Of all the methods indicated, the low-pressure hot-water system of direct type is perhaps the best for barracks, when conjoined with the system of ventilation recommended above. Room temperature should not ordinarily exceed 70° F.

Plumbing.—Water-supply in general is discussed elsewhere. A system of supply implies means for the removal and disposal of waste water, that is, a system of sewerage.

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